THE EVOLUTION OF COOPERATION Four paths to the evolution and maintenance of cooperative behavior
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چکیده
The ants and termites have renounced the 'Hobbesian war,' and they are the better for it. Their wonderful nests, their buildings, superior in size relative to man; their paved roads and overground vaulted galleries; their spacious halls and granaries; their cornfields, harvesting and 'malting' grain; their rational method of nursing eggs and larvae, and of building special nests for rearing aphids whom Linnaeus so picturesquely describes as 'the cows of the ants' and finally, their courage, pluck and superior intelligence--all these are the normal outcome of the mutual aid which they practice at every stage of their busy and laborious lives. (Kropotkin 1908, p. 37)
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